Thermal Relaxation Time
The thermal relaxation time (TRT), usually measured in milliseconds, is the length of time it takes tissue to cool to 50% of the temperature to which it has been heated. The TRT of the epidermis, for example, is 3-7ms, this means that between 3 – 7ms after the application of energy the epidermis will begin a natural cooling process and will no longer contain the heat energy but will begin to diffuse it. The TRT of a hair follicle is 40-100ms, much longer than that of the epidermis. Since the hair follicle will continue to hold the heat much longer than the epidermis it is possible to balance the length of the exposure time of the energy between the two, allowing the destruction of the desired target (in this case the hair follicle) without harming the surrounding tissue, particularly the epidermis.

Therefore, if the pulse is set longer than the TRT of the epidermis, but shorter than that of the hair follicle, the burst of energy will be applied over a long enough period of time to allow the epidermis to cool while the hair follicle continues to absorb the light and heat energy.